In agriculture, the use of various drugs, beyond pesticides, has sparked considerable controversy, despite their role in boosting yields. Since the 1950s, growth hormones have been integral to increasing meat production. Specifically, three naturally occurring hormones—estradiol, progesterone, and testosterone—and their synthetic counterparts—zeranol, melengestrol acetate, and trenbolone—are widely used in beef production. These hormones are administered as time-release pellets implanted under the skin of calves’ ears. This method allows steers to gain an additional two to three pounds per week, resulting in significant cost savings, up to $40 per steer, as they achieve more weight gain without increased feed consumption.
The use of hormones in beef production is regarded as one of the most efficient management strategies to enhance feed efficiency and accelerate cattle growth. By improving feed efficiency by 6 to 8 percent, these hormones enable more sustainable meat production, which is critical as global demand for beef continues to rise. However, the practice remains contentious, with ongoing debates about its implications for human health and environmental sustainability. Despite these concerns, the economic benefits and production efficiency offered by hormone use in agriculture remain persuasive for many producers.
Controversial Use of Growth Hormones in Beef Production
